Designation by Standards
| Brand Name |
Ravne No. |
Mat. No. |
DIN |
EN |
AISI |
| PK2SP |
911 |
1.4057 |
X17CrNi16-2 |
X17CrNi16-2 |
431 |
Chemical Composition (in weight %)
| C |
Si |
Mn |
Cr |
Mo |
Ni |
V |
W |
Others |
| 0.17 |
max. 1.0 |
max. 1.50 |
16.00 |
- |
2.00 |
- |
- |
- |
Description
431 is a martensitic stainless combining excellent impact strength at high hardness levels with the best corrosion resistance of any martensitic stainless steels. Steel with high polishability. For application up to working temperature 500
oC.
Applications
431 has been successfully used in a variety of aircraft and general industrial applications. These include fasteners, shafts, bolts, valve components and chemical equipment, components for dairies, machine building and paper industry.
Physical properties (avarage values) at ambient temperature
Modulus of elasticity [10
3 x N/mm
2]: 216
Density [g/cm
3]: 7.70
Thermal conductivity [W/m.K]: 25.0
Electric resistivity [Ohm mm
2/m]: 0.70
Specific heat capacity[J/g.K]: 0.46
Modulus of Elasticity [103 N/mm2]
| 20oC |
200oC |
400oC |
| 216 |
205 |
190 |
Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion 10-6 oC-1
| 20-100oC |
20-200oC |
20-300oC |
20-400oC |
20-500oC |
20-600oC |
20-700oC |
| 11.2 |
11.5 |
11.7 |
11.9 |
12.0 |
12.1 |
12.0 |
Continuous Cooling Transformation (CCT) Diagram
Click the image to enlarge the diagram.
Soft Annealing
Heat to 660-750
oC, cool slowly in furnace. This will produce a maximum Brinell hardness of 295.
Hardening
Harden from a temperature of 980-1030
oC followed by oil or air quenching. Hardness after quenching is about 47 HRC.
Tempering
Tempering temperature: For Q+T 800: 750-800
oC. For Q+T 900: 600-650
oC.
0.2 % Proof Stress (N/mm2) at Elevated Temperatures
| Condition |
100oC |
150oC |
200oC |
250oC |
300oC |
350oC |
400oC |
| Q+T 800 |
515 |
495 |
475 |
460 |
440 |
405 |
355 |
| Q+T 900 |
565 |
525 |
505 |
490 |
470 |
430 |
375 |
Diagram Tempering Temperature - Mechanical Properties
Click the image to enlarge the diagram.
Forging
Hot forming temperature: 1100-800
oC, slow cooling.
Machinability
In the fully annealed condition, 431 will gall and build up on the tools. Good surface finishes are not easily obtained.
Corrosion Resistance
431 is superior to all other martensitic grades in terms of corrosion resistance. Will resist dilute acids and alkalis, neutral and basic salts, food acids, fresh water and atmosphere.
Welding
Most electric welding procedures have proven successful with 431 stainless. Filler metal should be AWS E/ER410.To avoid cracking, pre-heat the workpiece to 204-316
oC. After air cooling, treat at 649
oC to reattain maximum properties.
Embittlemnt: It must be in mind that the temperature range
between 425 and 525
oC must be avoided owing to embritllement at 475
oC.
Cold working
This alloy is easily drawn, spun, headed, sheared and bent compared with other stainless steels.
Forms manufactured: Please see the
Dimensional Sales Program.
Disclaimer
The information and data presented herein are typical or average values and are not a guarantee of maximum or minimum values. Applications specifically suggested for material described herein are made solely for the purpose of illustration to enable the reader to make his own evaluation and are not intended as warranties, either express or implied, of fitness for these or other puposes. There is no representation that the recipient of this literature will receive updated editions as the become available.
Unless otherwise specified, registered trademarks are property of Metal Ravne company. Copyright 2011 by Metal Ravne. All rights reserved.
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Sales Office for more information.
